Long-duration missions refer to space missions that last for an extended period of time, typically lasting six months or longer. These missions often involve astronauts living and working in space for an extended period, such as on the International Space Station or on future missions to Mars. Long-duration missions present unique challenges for astronauts, such as the physical and mental effects of extended time in microgravity, the need for adequate supplies of food, water, and oxygen, and the isolation from friends and family on Earth. Researchers study these challenges in order to develop strategies to support the health and well-being of astronauts during long-duration missions. Additionally, long-duration missions provide opportunities for scientific research in areas such as human physiology, psychology, materials science, and astronomy. By studying the effects of long-duration spaceflight on the human body and conducting experiments in microgravity, researchers can gain valuable insights into how humans can live and work in space for extended periods of time. Overall, long-duration missions play a crucial role in advancing our understanding of space exploration and preparing for future missions to destinations beyond Earth.